Among the worms there is a large amount (more than 260 species) parasitic forms, which belong to the subtypes of flat and round worms.The parasitic worms have long been known by the scientific term Helminths, in this respect, the branch of parasitology, studying them, was named Helminthology.By "Helminths", the word "worms", descending from the Latin root, coincides with the meaning, which means "slippery".
Representatives of pathogenic parasitic diseases belong to the kingdom of animals.They are inuded to other living creatures (plants, mushrooms, animals) and therefore science has emerged as a parasiology that deals with the study of all parasitic organisms.It is a general parasiticism and Helminthology has already been distinguished by it, that is, a science that studies diseases caused by parasitic worms.
For the development of parasitic worms, the owner must be needed, that is, the creature whose body is a stable or temporary habitat of the parasite and at the same time serves as a source of its diet.The owners of the pests are divided into intermediates (in them, the elmin goes through the larvae stages) and the final (in them alone, Helmint becomes sexually mature, penetrating).
It is not a single instrument and no tissue of a person is safe from the possibility of invasion from one or another, but this happens when the parasite is already in the human body.
Others are no less importantMain properties, that is::
- For example, in such an ancient Elminos, as Askarides, it is necessary to take into account the action of the antizymes of the anti -author and antizina that violate the digestive process.The volatile substances contained in the inner liquid Askaride cause various toxic allergic reactions: urticaria, bronchospasm and convulsions, Lakkud and headache.
- Stage of Development (eggs, larvae, change of owners).
- The sexual reproduction, which shows the exchange of genetic information and this is the highest stage of development, leading to an increase in the heterogeneous population, that is, to become less vulnerable and achieved, it is more difficult to "reach" them.
- A long duration of individual life (years, and sometimes as long as the owner of the parasite lives, and that means the chronic course of Helminthias);
- The Able to Suppress or Modify The Host's Immune Response, That is, Sooner or Later, A State of Functional Immunodeficiency Arises, and this is Extremely Undesirable, Because Alymost Ideal Conditions for the Penterance of AnyWealthy Pathogenic Agents are created, as well as the conditions for the “terminating” of Endogenous Foci of Infection, if any previously there was and, which, unfortunately, often Happens) and often and oftenand often) and often) and often) "draza" restrained by the high -level immune system.
- The presence of one or the other helminth of immune response is weak and unstable, which means that there are no practical methods of immunoration.
- The broader distribution, many habitats (water, soil, air, plants, etc.).
- The ability of eggs to insist on the outside environment (chronic) for a long time.
These qualities allow one type or the other to survive in seemingly "inhumane conditions".
The impact of Helminth in the world is extremely high: out of nearly 6 billion people living on the planet now, 4 billion are hit by one or the other type of helminth, and since many of them are "carriers" of many pests at the same time, the image will become even more impressive.
The body's reaction
A person with his powerful set of reactive reactions, the immune system, various non -specific protective obstacles and are subject to the helminth, can only react to his presence, although sometimes the almost asymptomatic course of Helminth is noted.But this is extremely rare, and more often the following can be detected:
- Various reactions of toxic-allergies, often skin.In addition, if the cause of such reactions remains unlucky and clinical manifestations occurs, a thorough examination for the presence of helminths is necessary.
- Neuropsychiatric disorders.They are caused by a helminth invasion, in which toxic substances are constantly introduced into the blood, maintaining a certain level of toxin, leading to irritability, emotional instability, "non -mobilized" anger, loss of concentration, perseverance, rapid tiredness and disorder.The growing general weakness is typical.One of the patients, the athlete, complained that he had "no power to move a friend's hand in a meeting".
- Dyspusical Syndrome: Various, from ephemeral to obvious symptoms, including discomfort or abdominal pain, often rare detection and intensity, flickering and bloating and a sense of explosion in the abdomen.And a change in appetite as in the direction of lifting (one of the reasons for the doctor's weakness is "good appetite, means that I am healthy") and a significant decrease in appetite to anorexia.This is a stool disorder from constipation to diarrhea.This is the development of multifactorial deep discretion.
- Many Elminths feed on the blood of the owner, they are hematopoies, absorb vitamin B12 and disrupt the process of absorbing an anti -semantic intestine, harm the intestinal mucosa often and shallow, but in a large area.All of this leads to chronic blood loss and in some cases in the development of anemia (anemia).Here it is necessary to take into account the inhibitory effect of toxins on hematopoietic organs, which are also important in the development of anemia.With Helminthiases, it is often detected by an increased content of eosinophiles (leukocyte cells actively involved in allergic reactions).
- The presence of helminths, provided that the development of anemia, especially in children, can lead to a slowdown in development and natural underdevelopment, possibly even with increased appetite.
- Children, during scheduled vaccinations, are often observed various reactions of toxic-allergic metrics.
- Helminths often cause exacerbation of chronic diseases, while the position of the helminth and the position of the body concerned may be quite different in body detection.
- Sometimes, in general, it is not very often, and perhaps the principle is triggered here that "it is not profitable for any parasite to destroy its victim in the end, otherwise he will not give up, having lost shelter and food at night."For example, with the echococces of the liver, the Finland of the brain.It should be noted that even the pathogenesis of helminths varies widely depending on the object of parasitism.For example, for one person, Echinocok is extremely dangerous and cattle live safely for many years with organs germinated with EINOCOCCAL bubbles that reach a mass of many kilos.
Characterization of parasitic worms
The helminths in the human body do not multiply, with the exception of species such as the cutter, the dwarf Tapeen.Helmint enters the body in the form of eggs or larvae.Immediate contamination of people affected by helminths does not occur except for those who are cantigyes (Gimonocepidosis, Entorobiosis).
Infection by other helminths occurs either through the soil (dirty hands - intestines - ascarosis), or when the skin comes into contact with the soil (strungylidosis) or water (slits) or when eating (shadowarnichosis, diphyllobotriosis).
In the body, the helminths live in various organs and tissues: in the intestines - ascensions, pingorms, movies, film.in the liver - echinococci, opistorchi.in the muscles - Trichinella.In the lungs - Paragonimus, in blood - Philles, slits.
Sheet of olistorchus filineus
Infection of humans or animals occurs when eating raw or dried fish: YA, Roach, Bream.A bicondelog gives up on the liver and intestines of a person, dog, cat.Liver changes are characterized by jaundice, hepatitis, bile stones formation, cirrhosis.For the purposes of prevention, it is not recommended to eat raw or frozen fish.
Pulmonary bicarry paragoninus westermani
These biconds live in pairs in the lungs, in cysts formed in the smaller bronchus.The owners are a man, a cat, a dog, a pig.
Infection occurs when eating influenced raw crabs or crayfish.A bicondelog penetrates the abdominal cavity, then through the diaphragm - to the lungs.The clinic is characterized by a persistent cough, especially in the morning, with the evacuation of the rusty sputum color, possibly blood mixing.When the metastasis or pest metastasis are affected, the liver, the spleen, the brain are affected.Damage to the clinic's brain depends on the position of the parasite (jerking syndrome, paralysis, seizures).
For precautionary purposes, it is not recommended to eat raw crabs and crayfish.
Another class includes flat worms - these are movie worms, which in turn are divided into strips and chain units.
Movie worms in the overlapping situation are inhabitants of intestinal vertebrates.
Along with similar features that are inherent in film worms, there are also significant differences between film and film.This is especially important in the diagnostic design when it is necessary to identify the pests.
On the ribbons, a broad ribbon is released, which causes a disease called dichothyrovoorosis.The film is wide - a giant Elmini, reaching 15 m long. It is a slaughter parasite, lives in the small intestine of a person, dogs, cat.
A person is contaminated when eating inadequately fried or poorly salted fish (river - ruff, perch, burbot, lake - trout, gray) with live larvae.Infection often occurs through fresh, called Lively Pike Caviar.Some lovers push the caviar from the belly directly to the mouth, and with it the larvae can act, causing infection.
In the clinical picture of dichotherapy, dyspidemic disorders are prevalent: suffering and abdominal pain, noise, nausea, sometimes vomiting, change in appetite, unstable stools.It often develops, especially with a long course of the disease, anemia (anemia).With duplication, one of the main causes of anemia is vitamin B12 deficiency.
Helmint removes vitamin B12 and other nutrients, sucking them with melows with the entire surface of its body, which, as well as the key for the lock, approaches the common bowel limit and therefore increases the suction surface.With the development of anemia, the number of red blood cells decreases, degenerative forms appear, including macrocytes and megalobs.This shows that with a latent invasion course changes are still shown, which in the future can lead to the appearance of malignant wax with face, skin, abrupt weakness, tachycardia.
In the diagnosis of duplicate, the clinical picture of the disease does not always allow the correct diagnosis, so the method of brutalcopy is of great importance here, which allows you to detect the eggs of a broad ribbon in the feces, which are released in the external environment 3 weeks after contamination.
The eggs come out with the stools of the dog and stick to her wool.They can be listed in a person's mouth and swallow if you hit the contaminated dog and then take food with unwashed hands.The same can happen to a dog's kisses.In the northern countries where dogs are the nearest domestic animal to humans, humility in humans is quite common.
The clinic of echinococci is characterized by pain pain in the right hypochondria, where a tumor formation is determined by a smooth round surface and, when breathing, shifted with the liver.As a complication of the disease, there may be a bladder or cyst supremacy, a discovery on bile paths, accompanied by severe pain, jaundice, in advanced cases in the liver, may form multiple abscesses, which leads to death.
With the lung echirocracy, individual cysts are prevalent, most commonly found in the lower share of the right lung.At the initial stage, the disease is often accidentally diagnosed with a chest X test.Over time, coughing, haemoptysis, chest pain appear.It is noted that the growth of Echinococcus cynic lungs is often not inferior to the rate of growth of malignant tumors.In the diagnosis of echinokok, the methods of selection are: Radiological, ultrasonic studies, tomography, scan, laparoscopy, serological methods.
In order to prevent, it is necessary to strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene when keeping dogs and care.Be sure to wash your hands after contact with the dog;Avoid dogs in a person's food and in his dishes.Limit direct contact of children and dogs.Wandered dogs are subject everywhere to catch.
Health education of the population is essential.
Dwarf chain - Hymenolepis Nana
The disease it causes is called hymenolipide.The Tapeen Dwarf is negligible in size against a wide ribbon and reaches only 1-4 cm in length.
It is worth noting that the evolution of Dwarf Tapeworm appears to a owner, at which the larva stage goes through the beginning and then becomes sexually mature.Thus, a person in this case is also an intermediate and final gentleman.
The main habitat of the film is the ileum and usually parashes many people (there are about one and a half thousand copies to the patient).
In the clinical picture, abdominal pain, weight loss, unstable stools, neuropsychiatric disorders (insomnia, convulsions, seizures) are prevalent.
The diagnosis is confirmed when the dwarf tape eggs are confirmed in the stools and the release of the eggs is often discontinuous, so in the case of a negative effect, it is recommended to study a study 2-3 times a month.
Prevention: Therefore, the dwarf resigns mainly to children, at the children's institution where patients have been detected, it is necessary to examine all children and staff for the presence of this helminth invasion.This also applies to family members.
The widespread non -— dialogue is such a helminth invasion as ascaria
The causative agent is a human round.The ancient Russian name of Ascarids is a string.The figurative folk language with this name, descending from the word "string", accurately characterizes the flexibility and elasticity of the helminth body.Human infection occurs when ripe, invasive eggs with soil particles, when they eat poorly washed vegetables and berries, infected fruit, sometimes when they drink water from open tanks.
Askarides are related to "restless" helminths, their activity and mobility are a common cause of informal tracking.They are able to enter the appendix, causing acute appendicitis.In liver and pancreas pipelines with fever growth, colic liver, abscesses, jaundice, in advanced cases - in liver rupture.Trachey can reach the upper respiratory tract, causing suffocation of nasal passages and even Eustachian pipes.The intestinal obstruction caused by an ascarid tube or due to the reflective bowel spasm is not excluded, even in the presence of individual pests.
The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of eggs in the faeces, but it should be borne in mind that ascaroid eggs are absent in bowel movements in the presence of immature or old females in the intestines, as well as when certain males are parasitized, which are observed in 3.5 % of cases.Prevention: Vegetables and fruits before eating should be washed well and weighing with boiling water, it is not recommended to drink non -hydration water.
Another type of filamentous is enterovation.This disease is caused by the cutter of Vermicularis.
In addition to severe skin itching in the area, irritation and combs lead to polymorphic dermatitis.Perhaps the penetration of the five and the larvae of urogenital tracks, the vagina in women.Functional changes in the intestine are characteristic: the pain in the right hare area, diarrhea, reduced appetite, as well as nervous system disorders with headache, bad sleep, irritability, reducing efficiency.
In the diagnosis of enteroburus, the fact that patients often mark the release of pinworms is important.The pin in the intestines does not put eggs, so it is extremely rare in bowel movements.The main diagnostic method is the regional scraping in various modifications, the "sticky tape" method.
In order to avoid enterovation, it is necessary to wean children to hit, suck and lick their fingers.The nails should be cut short and follow their purity.It is necessary to often place the room with wet cleaning and ventilation.The chairs, floor toilets and night pots are poured with boiling water.
The main methods of treatment
- Pumpkin
- Male heel extract, pumpkin seeds, dichlorophone
- Nuts
- St. John's Wort is perforated
- Devyasil is tall
- 1 teaspoon.Dry rhizomes with crusts insist for 8 hours in 1 glass of cold boiled water, stem.Take 1/4 cup 4 times a day 20 minutes before meals.
- Boil 20 g of roots with 1 glass of water, persist for 4 hours, stem.Take 1 tablespoon.large.3-4 times a day 20 minutes before meals.
- Carrot
- Pull a number of radical crops in a rubbing or pass through a meat grinder.Press the juice.Fresh juice before using the mixture of honey or sugar to taste.Take 1 tablespoon.large.2 times a day in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening 1-1-1.5 hours before meals.
- 3 tablespoons of soup.large.Boil the grated carrots in 1 glass of milk.Take the carrot pulp for 1 tablespoon.large.3-4 times a day before meals.
- Irreverent
- Tansy
- Maria is anti -classical
- Birch is warty
- 1 teaspoon.Birch buds insist 1 hour in 1/2 cup boiling water, stem.The infusion is divided into 3 parts.Drink the whole section per day in 3 doses.
- Boil 5 g birch buds for 15 minutes in 1 glass of water, persist for 1 hour, stem.Take 15-- 20 drops of water 2-3 times a day.
- Daisy
- Dandelion
- 1 teaspoon.The roots and herbs of the dandelion are injected for 1 hour in 1 glass of boiling water, stem.Take 1/4 cup 4 times a day 1/2 hours before meals.
- Dandelion powder (take a dose placed on the edge of a knife) with water 3 times a day 1/2 hours before meals.
- Mistletoe
- 1 teaspoon.Insist Omela in 1 glass of cold boiled water.Get 1/3 cup 3 times a day.
- Boil 30 g in 1 liter of water.Get 1/2 cup 3 times a day.
- Hazel
- The garlic signs
- Siberite
- Heel
- Timyan ordinary (garden thyme)
- Pumpkin
- Pomegranate
The mechanism of action: changes the activity of the parasite engine, causing first relaxation and then the muscle contraction.At the same time, due to the waves of retreat, Elminos is expelled.
Method of application and dose
Within.They are mainly used in the presence of contraindications in the use of a male heel extract.2 days before treatment, a cleansing enema is prescribed daily in the morning and a laxative salt on the eve of the night.On the day of treatment, on an empty stomach, they put an enema regardless of the presence of a chair.
Method of application and dose
Inside, children-0.25-0.5 g, adults-1-1.5 g.once a day.Conduct 5-7 daily treatment courses with a 7-day interval.A month later, an anti -this -year treatment is prescribed.
Method of applying
3 tablespoons of soup.Dry leaves insist on 2 cups of boiling water for 20-30 minutes.Drink hot on various tricks such as tea.
Method of applying
10 g of dry grass of St. John in 1 glass of boiling water, insist.Take 1 tablespoon 2-4 times a day after meals.
Method of applying
Method of applying
In medical practice, dried inflorescences are used.They rub in a mortar and are taken in a mixture of sugar, jam, honey, 5 g "Citvar Seed" (for adults) 3 times a day 1.5-2 hours before meals for 2 days.After the last reception at night, a laxative has been prescribed.
Side phenomena for overdose: vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, repression of breathing and cardiac activity.
Basically, due to toxicity, it is used in adults and not in children.Centers and essential oil have an anthelmintic effect on nematodic, particularly effective for ascar installation and involvement.To this end, dried flowers can be taken in the form of dust, in infusion (1:10), as well as in enema from the peak extract.And 1 tablespoon.large.3 times a day (with asparidosis and enterobilization).
Method of applying
1 teaspoon.The dry top of Marie Anti -Glass, along with the fruits, insists 2 cups of boiling water, stem.Take 1 tablespoon.large.3 times a day 20 minutes before meals.
Kidney decoction has an anthelmintic effect on round worms.
Method of applying
A decoction is used to eliminate small worms.
Method of applying
2 tablespoons of soup.Insist herbs with Niva flower baskets for 4 hours in 1 glass of boiling water, stem.Take 1 tablespoon.large.3-4 times a day.To use a stronger infusion for washing and lotion.
All parts of the plant have an anthelmintic effect.
Method of applying
Omel has an anthelmine (in round worms).
Method of applying
Walnut oil is taken in as an anecdotal agent for Ascaride.
The warm decoction of garlic is used for anthelmintic enema.With pinworms, a slice of onion garlic is inserted into the anus, which kills parasites.
A Terevintin is taken from the laring.In folk medicine, Turpentine is used inside as a drug for movie worms.
The rhizomes have a very effective effect on ribbon worms.
Timol is obtained from the essential oil of the plant, which acts on cartridges, paralyzing their muscles.
The gray-green skin, lost and mixed with water, are consumed against tape worms (tape).
Method of applying
Pumpkin seeds take on an empty stomach.Adult dose - 150-200 g, children - 50-100 g.
Adults are prescribed a decoction of 500 g of miserable seeds, children 10 years of 300.0 g, 5-7 years from 200.0 g, up to 5 years-from 100--17.0.0 g.
The consistent purpose of pumpkin seeds in a conventional dose and heel extract in small doses (2.5-3.0 g adults, children depending on age) increases the effectiveness of treatment.The heel extract is prescribed one hour after taking pumpkin seeds and after taking the wax extract, a laxative is given.
The roots and branches of the grenades has a strong paralytic effect on movie worms.
Method of applying
1 teaspoon.Boil the deterioration (peel) of fruit or flowers in 1 glass of water, persist for 2 hours, stem.Take 1 tablespoon.large.3 times a day before meals.
It is necessary to start treatment as soon as possible.